Aberdeen Creamery Bulletin

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lhautxl i the ll~mrwts Our Patrons. n of

ABERDEEN, MISS., SEPT., 1924

NUMBEB 11

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THE AB
ing revenue but once a year, following the small grain harvest, the dairy farmer has a par' check waiting for-him often, He conducts a paying business with the returns assured at regular intervals. All factors affecting the size of hi8 income are easily controlled by practices of inermsing the quality and quantity of the milk. A dairyman is seldom required to make heavy loans, while his deposits are regular and of considerable size. In six towns of the Northwest, ranging in population from 351 to 5,000, in sections where dairying is well developed. bank deposits total $17,325,140 or $1,288.78 pen capita. These figures are in direct contrast to those compiled for a similar group of six towns where dairying has gained little importance. Soil and climatic conditions were on a par in both sections. But, bank deposits in the non-dairy sections were only $10,360,280 or $478.09 per capita. Farmers who have found it difflcut to build up a bank account. should get in touch with dairymen who are daily converting their low-profit-producing farms into a businegs enterprise that has a pay day many times a year.-Gapper's Farmer.
ABOUT THE TEST.

The .Aberdeen Crea Bulletin
ABERDEER CREARIFiRY (10.
ABERDEEN. MISS.

Published for the exclusive benefit of our patrons and mailed to them free of Cost. Correspondence invited.
SEPTEMBER, 1924. THE WAY WE LIKE TO DO BUSINESS.

We wish that eyery patron might fully understand the important place he 0.r she occupies in the building up of thB business, We suppose that some patrons think that a can of cream is a can of cream and that is all we care about so long as we get the can of cream. We would hate to look 'at busines that way. We may be foolish in the eyes of some folks, but q e can't do business that way. Back of each can of cream that comes to our creamery is a thinking, feeling human being. He is the fellow we are dealing with. We need his can of cream, but we need him more. We try to treat him as one human being should treat another, both equal and both honestly and earnestly trying to build up a business. We can conscientiously say that we would rather not get the can of cream in the first place than to get it and Mve the man who produced it feel that we had not treated him fairly and squarely. We might make more money by adopting some other policy, but it's the policy we like and we believe it is the only policy that will establish a lastink business. Dairying is the most progressive branch of farming. Skill and brain work get better results from dairying than from any other branch of farming that we know of. , Lack of paint not only lets a building look wretched; it lets it rot.
Many a mortgage h c a gasoline smell. as
Tryhg to k q up with the nctighbors . is keeping lots of dads i n hot water.

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The test of the shipper's cream determines to a large extent the amount he is going to get for it. If he does not understand this he is pretty apt to be dissatisfied a t times with the amount of money he gets for a can of cream. Some farmers can't understand why they do not get as big a check for a can of cream as their neighbors when they are all selling to the same market. We have known of farmers who wondered why a neighbor who has scrub cows received a higher test on his cream than they did. These farmers do not understand the cream separator. They do not understand that they can adjust the cream screw in the separator so that they can get bigger checks for their cream. Cream varies in fat content from about 15 per cent to 60 per cent, and even higher. Sixty per cent cream is worth four times as much for buttermaking purposes as 15 per cent cream. The farmer, therefore, gets four times aer big a check for his rich cream as he does for his can of thin cream. . W e alwam recommend skimming cream ,so that it will test about 40 per cent.

THE ABn
CONTINUED INOBBASE DAIRYING.

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oULLETIN

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The proportionately better prices which have been received by the dairy farmer, as compared to the special crop farmer for the past several years is having a persistent effect in increasing dairying. Recent press reports carry the announcements that farmers are adjusting operations to meet present conditions, and the result is that many of the wheat farmers and beef cattlemen who have been facing rough sailing, have been saved by the dairy cow. Statistics issued by the agricultural department a t Washington reveal that farmers in over 300 counties in Iowa, Kansas, Illinois, Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, Montana and Idaho are definitely turning their backs on the wheat crop and stocking up on the dairy cow. Smaller farms, better returns and year round work are given as the chief gains by the department. Dairying, the reports of the department show, has expanded everywhere. In the eight states mentioned, 205 counties showed a decided expansion-practically none a contraction. I n addition, beef cattle production declined in 9 0 counties; wheat declined in 194 counties; corn declined in 38 counties. The most recent survey of the department says: "As a whole there appears a drift out of wheat and into livestock, a trend away from beef cattle and into dairy cattle, an increase in the production of feed crops and a general movement toward diveraiflcation." The survey gave instances of farmers who went over from wheat or beef cattle to dairying, with gratifying results to themselves. I t cites three brothers, formerly large grain growers, who laid the foundation of a good dairy herd four year ago, planted part of their farm in alfalfa, mrn and clover, built two silos, and who last year sold $1,700 worth of breeding stock and $3,800 worth of cream. The survey declares that "they are well on their way to easy street." A Minnesota farmer, according to the survey, cut his wheat acreage from 400 to round about 40 acres. He increased his dairy herd from two scrub cows to a good grade herd of 30, with a purebred sire. His monthly income averages $270 t o $ 2 7 5 for cream. An Illinois beef cattle raiser turned his herd over into dairy cattle, 20 strong. His .county agent reports his cream checks average $250 a month, or more profit every month than the same

of beef cattle would have made ear in the last five years. ts from all over the country indicate the growing interest in the dairy cow. The importance of the cow in Wisconsin, where i t has brought great prosperity to the state, has turned the eyes of the farmers throughout the country to that state. The last of September and the first of October, the National Dairy Show will be held in Mi?; waukee, the "heart of the dairy world, and farmers from all over the country as well as the leaders in the dairy world, are expected to attend the big exposition.
THE LITTLE THINGS THAT COUNT.

During the years that we have been building up our business we have adhered strictly to the policy of giving the best possible service to our patrons. No detail of the business can be too trivial for us. We have attached the greatest importance to details, because looking carefully after the little things is what often causes the difference between good service and poor service. We keep such a record of each transaction with our patron that we are able to refer t o these records and give the patron any information that he wants. Such information is often valuable to the shipper. We get evidence from time to time from our shippers that they appreciate the thoroughness with which we look after the details of our business transactions with them. I t gives them confidence in us and they know that we will make every effort to treat them right. Confidence in business is a wonderful thing, too. It makes business dealings more satisfactory to all parties concerned. We a r e trying to build our business so that our folks will always have confidence in us. Contentment is not always better than wealth. I t is better to make money with good cows than to be contented with poor ones. The things we like to do are the ones that show our neighbors what we really I are. A rolling stone gathers no moss; but neither does a n animal a t rest flnd good pasture. Crossing dairy breeds is like mixing good ink with good water; the value of each is lost.

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FARMER MUST DECIDE FOR HEIFER.

What age of heifer is the best buy for the fmmer, is a question frequently asked. Some men who are giving thought to herd improvement explain the advantages and disadvantages in the purchase a t all three of the ages, as baby calves, a s yearlings, and a s bred heifers. Baby calves are cheaper and more easily shipped. However, they are somewhat less likely to live than older stock; and further, there ia more uncertainty as to how they will develop. With yearlings, the chances of living are better, and the type is more likely to be fixed, yet a long time still remains before they will be productive. But since yearling heifers may sell a t a disadvantage, they may be a good purchase. Bred heifers are frequently the best buy. They are .developed as to size, and the possibilities for milk production can be estimated. Their mortality rate should be low; and the cost of carrying to production is slight. They may even be worth a slight premium where there is a good market for cream and it is desired to establish a herd promptly.
GIVING TElE DAIRY CAILF A GOOD GROWING START.

At least four-fifths of all dairy calves a r e raised on skim milk, says the United States Department of Agriculturn, grain being used to take the place of the butterfat removed. But the best practice calls for feeding whole milk for the first two weeks, a t the end of which time skim milk may be substituted in part and gradually increased until no whole milk is being fed. The ideal way to start out a yoing calf by hand it to feed every two or three hours, but this requires too much labor. and practical dairymen have found that they can start calves very well by feeding three times a day. The three intervals between feeds should be as near d g h t hours as poseible. By the end of four weeks the calf may be getting skim milk entirely. Very strong calves may be put on skim milk alone by the time they are two weeks old, but the change always must be made gradually. The department advises the following schedule, but i t is not always practicable to adhere to it rigidly:

be from any cow or cows in t h e herd, but preferably not from any that a r e nearly dry. Milk containing not more than 4 per cent fat is considered best for feeding calves. Third week: Begin substituting skim milk at the rate of a pound a day. The daily ration may be increased from 2 to 4 pounds, depending on the vigor of the calf; but the total quantity must be well below the capacity of the calf. At the end of this week the ration will be approximately one-half whole and one-half skim milk. Fourth week: During this week the change to skim milk is continued until a t the end of the week only skim milk 1s being fed. Fifth week and thereafter: All but delicate calves will get skim milk from now on. The quantity can be gradually increased until 1 8 or 2 0 pounds is being fed. More than this cannot be fed economically, as a rule, unless it is very plentiful. Six months is a good average age at which to wean calves from milk. When the best of has. silage, and grains can be fed, milk can be discontinued earlier. If there Is good succulent pasture available, this is the best possible time for weaning a calf. If there is plenty of cheap skim milk, i t can be fed profitably to calves until they are 8 to 1 0 months old. If the calf is carefully watched, after it is 2 months old it may be fed sour milk, whole, skim, o r butter milk, provided the change from sweet milk is made gmdually.
If the bull is half the herd, he should get a t least as much attention as one heifer.
OOULD D O BE'lTEB WITH THE PLOW.

In his early days in the newspaper fleld a prominent Southern editor was visited by a Georgia farmer having his seventeen-year-old son in tow, and who. uaon entering the efRce, said: "I carme 'to -git some information. Editor.'' . "I shall be gl&d to afford you what I can," w y the polite response. "Well said the farmer "this boy o' mine whnts to go into the' literary business. .an' I thoueht vou would know if there was any money in it. It's a good business, ain't it?" "Well, yes," said the editor, after same little hesitation. "I've been in it myself for some years and-" Whereuoon t'he farmer nved him from head to fbot, glanced around the poorlvfurnished office, surveyed the editor once more, and then. turning t o his son. said: "Come 'long home. J m and git back to S; your plowin'."-Northwest Trade.
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If cream is kept clean and the s e ~ g ator is keDt clean. and all the other-. utensils a r e clean a n d vcalded properly, your cream will be delivered to market in good condition, if it is held a t well water temperature on the farm. In order to do this, it is necessary . t o have a cream tank, and we advise those who do not keep their cream in a cream tank to get one. A cream tank is a necessary appliance on the farm. It is not expensive and it is easier to take care of the cream when wing a cream tank than by keeping the cream in a well or a cellar. T4e richer the cream, the easier it 'is to take care of the cream when using a cream tank than by keeping the cream in a well or cellar. The richer the cream, the e b i e r it is to hold i t in good condition, provided it is properly cooled soon after separated, and it is absolutely necessary t o get the cans into cold water in order to properly cool it. Sometimes there is a tank on the farm which might be w e d for this purpose. Any small tank that can be placed between the well and the stock watering tank, so that all the water pumped for the stock, flows through the small tank, will do very well. If the supply of cream is small, it is possible to improvise a cream tank by sawing off the top of a kerosene or molasses berrel. The cellar is a very poor place to keep cream. Cold air does not cool cream like cold water does. Keep the cream in cold water, especially during t h e warm weather. Cold water cools cream 2 1 times as fast as cold air of the same temperature.

The Watusi, *the dominant tribe in Urundi, in the northwest corner of late German East Africa, ard primarily cattlemen. In this tribe, as among other cattle-keeping aristocracies of Africa, the regard for the animals amounts almost to worship, and results in the greatest protection and care. The cattle are large, well-shaped, with enormous horns and large body. The appearance of many 'of them is the same as those pictured in the Egyptian tombs and temples. The Watusi do not eat the meat of other domestic animals or of wild animals. This limits their meat diet to beef, of which they a r e very fond. They usually eat the blood cooked with beans. The milk is drunk both fresh and curdled. Most of it is used to make butter, but butter is never eaten. I t is used to smear over the body.-Ex.
IDLE CURIOSITY.

Manager-Where is Jones? Omce Boy-He isn't in. His wife sent him word that the baby was asleep and he's ,gone home to see what it looks like.
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THE SILO AND !WE CORN BINDEIR. It takes something of an artist with the corn knife to cut more than ope acre of corn a day. A corn binder will cut six or seven times that amount in a day. Manufacturers and dealers in corn bindera had a pretty hard time selling their machines until the silo came into general popularity. When a man buys a silo he lays himaelf liable to the persuasive arguments of the corn binder man and well so. When the corn is ready for the silo it needs cutting a t once and it takes too many days and too many backaches to cut i t by hand. Wherever the silo goes a corn binder followe.
A farm that isn't worth naming isn't worth operating.
In t&e ~ o o i lOld Days.

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THE Abb

Every farmer who milks a few cows ahould have a cooling tank of some kind. I t makes little diEerence whether he patronizes a creamery, cheese fattory, sells milk or keeps it for his own use: a cooling tank is a necessity. Why not capitalize the great storehouse of cold which lies in the ground? This can be done by simply passing the water designed for live stock first through a tank which will serve a s a refrigerator for all products which need chilling. Well or spring water in most of the dairy states has a temperature varying from 55 to 6 5 degrees F. This is about as cold as the average domestic refrigerator. By utilizing this ' cold water to chill down t h e milk, cream or other eroducts we are getting refrigeration a t the lowest possible cost. Millions of dollars are lost annually to the cow-keepers of this country purely on account of the neglect of milk and cream while it is held at the farm. Butter and cheese would be greatly improved if every patron used a cooling tank. As a matter of convenience i t is worth while for every farmer to be thus equipped, for it is necessary to have a place to keep the milk an8 eream, and where a refrig-

erator can is put into use the housewife will find it very ef3cient and convenient. A cooling tank is needed in both winter and summer; in winter to prevent freezing and to retain the cream or milk a t a uniform and favorable temperature, while certainly in summer it is needed to prevent extreme souring and the development of undesirable flavors. Cold is a wonderful preservative. We are told that the prehistoric mammoth has been preserved in the ices of the Polar region for fifty thou'sand years, When dairy products or perishable foods are kept at a low temperature, decomposition is retarded, and with dairy products this means much in the way of better quality and price. A can of cream kept in a good cooling tank is worth a dollar more than the same can kept outside and exposed to the heat of the average summer weather. The producer is more intera t e d in this dollar than anyone else. He may not feel that he is losing the dollar simply because he gets the same price for his product, but this is only a temporary condition; the industry is losing the dollar and he is the most important and biggest part of the industry. As a matter of satisfaction, it should be

The Time to Sing
When I'm feelhg punk, QP sad, dubious, or sort of mad, when my mouth is drawing down anU my features court p frown, when my temper's near the top, any moment apt to pop, where there's pepper in my spine, arrow@in this tongue of mine, acid i n my mouth and words, devils me in herds, dm I say, "It's time to sing-'Home, Sweet Home,' or anything!" When the blue sky isn't blue and the best truth isn't true, when the green grass isn't green, all becauee I'm feeling mean; when h e warm sun isn't warm just because I'm out of form, when the air Eas lost its charm, all's amiss about the farm, all because I'm full of pruses when I s h o ~ l d full of tunes, then I say, be "Let's sing a bit; that dill route this grouchy fit and revive the dying smile, cure me in a little while; that will sweeten up my spleenwhat's the sense in feeling mean? What's the sense in brooding here like a sinking hemisphere, what's the sense in growing sour like a scowling thunder shower. If music has a place a t all it should free the heart of gall; it should be the antidote when the devil rocks the boat making guys like me today, seasick in our special way! Come on, wife, and neighbor Joe, let us sing a round or so; thump the key8 Sweet Home," or anything! and let us sing-"Home, -By J. Edw. Tufft.

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THE ABEI, worth while to turn out a good pro when it is nearly as easy to do so. The grading af cream and paying differential for quality is rapidly corning into general-uw. - In a little while the cream producers will either have to get cooling tanks or suffer a big loss due to producing second grade cream, The cooling tank is sound, sensible, economical, and demanded by decent and progressive farming methods, and we should a11 be for anything that hsla so much merit. A. L. HAECKER. HOW TO PIOK OUT A GOOD DAIRY

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weB v p behind and well forThe udder should be soft and le and collapsible. The essential things to lmli for in a dairy m w are a strong coastitntion, 'a well developed nervous syateqn, ability to handle lot8 . of feed, a large circulation of blood and the ability to make milk out of the feed she eats.
PAINT AS A NECESSITY ON THE D , ! FARM.

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Sunshine and fresh air are accredited with being the greatest germ dispellers known, and the means of inducing ANIMAL. these agents to work in the modern dairy is-an important factor to be The cow may be referred to as a ma- sidered by every modern dairyman. conchine built for doing a certain kind of An old weather beaten surface is a work. There are three kinds of cows. One kind that eats a large amount of delight to the army of vermin and feed and converts it into milk. An- germs that beset the housing place of make exothgr kind eats a large amount of feed live stock. The dark crevices the dingy and converts it into beef. Another kind cellent breeding places,'and eats a large amount of feed and the color deflects the purifying rays of the painted Lord only knows what she does with it. sun. A well much of barn, preferably white, is as an asset in the She is the scrub cow. Her inclination to do a certain thing dairy business as a poreclain equipped with the feed she eats is what we term laboratory in a food factory. Each rain washes the smooth surface of the outer temperament. No one would think of taking along walls and restores the original fresha bull dog to hunt prairie chickens. ness, while no dampness can penetrate Neither would he think of trying to use to produce mustiness and mildew. Inside, the clean white walls catch anC a draft horse in a horse race. The animal should be created for the hold the light, making a dry and sanitary home for the animals. No animal work we expect i t to do. The best way to choose a dairy bull can maintain a high standard of prois to examine his dam and know what duction unless given the proper sort of she has done a t the milk pail. If he care, and the place in which it is comes from a family of good milkers housed should be regarded with acl much care food it eats. t h e chances are that he will get good A healthful as the makeswhich hundred herd one heifers. We may confine ourselves, therefore, per cent quantity and quality of prot o the question of how to judge a good duction, and sanitary surroundings procow for the dairy. We consider the duce @at condition.factor in the sound Paint is a large most essential point, her capacity to handle the feed. She must have a big business basis of the dairy business. "bread basket" so that she can eat a The original cost of the necessary large amount of feed and digest it. She buildings demands protwtion from the should be long from her shoulder blade ravages of weather. Paint supplies this to the pin point, have a deep middle protection a t a small fraction of replacepiece with well sprung ribs, wide apart. ment cost. A uniform color for dairy This all indicates large capacity. Cou- buildings and fences is like a manufacpled with this she should have strong, turer's trademark, and the value of the wide jaws, indicating ability to properly advertisement is not t o be underestichew a large amount of feed. She mated. Be individual! Choose a good should be deep through the chest, show- color and maintain i t and enjoy the ing strong circulatory Organs because pleasure of civic pride and increasing the food must be mangfactured into profits. I t is business! milk in the blood. She shouSd have Your cow canpot give more milk than spare quarters, sharp over front shoulders, P prominent backbone, showing a the capacity of her udder. The milkstrong nervous system, a slim neck and making "machinery" must compare pretty big with the size of the "chassis:' p: head feminine in its appearance. She -should have a large, well shaped udder, to wbieh it is attached.
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THE ABE THE OLD SPRING: HOUS

BULLEJTIN
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is as green as ever and the w a b r i$ flowing out f r o q the stone foundauosa just as cold, jqpt a s sparkling, as it a d in Spring. Fifty--five degrees in summer, wnd fifty-five degrees in winter i . ~ temthe perature of the water in that old sprfng* Season after season, year after year, the temperature of that water has not varied even so much as one degree. That explains why the cream m milk d retained its sweetness for many hanrs, and even for several days in the old spring house. Time was when the dairy farming basiness was in its "spring house" stage. Life was a little bit slower then but the cream Was just as rich, itg flwor just as sweet, when kept in the old spring house a s it is today in modern equipment. After all, for a low priced refrigerator and for quickly cooling the milk after it was drawn from the cows, you couldn't beat the old spring house. Farmers who a r e fortunate enough tq have them, will do well to cherish the old spring house for it has utiIity, as well as sentiment.
SCRW BULL COUVICTED AT UNIQUE MOCK TRLrZL.

as, A &airy cattle spee$tblLt from t W w sx- . x department of agrioultvrs .. pert w%tnessfor t h e p r o m t i g n , Oomt of l%ovine JwSm A jury of 18 men render& csrl rerdiet of milty after hearing tire eviidmae laid W o r g t h e court o W n e j s kw The f asi . praseoution showed the dewmental effectvwhich scrub bulls h w e a . the dairy 3 1 indu&ry. It then B w r i k d tbe prosperity and other benefltg broaght by purebred bulls and ple@dcpdforcefully for conviction. The defense conaht@dlargely of oratory aided by mu& m d poetry as vain resmtrg to save thq Wsoner from doom. One witness for the defense failed to impress the jury wbsn h e testified that the acfl~b bull was a great labor-saving device. His dangbters ffiving less milk regutred fewer pails and cans and were more quickly milked.
TO THE YOUXG FA.RiHER. The farmer who finds himself with a little extra money ahead a t the end of the yearly "grind" may say, "Oh, what's the use of bothering about spending money for bloodecf &o&? I can drive an automobfle and get more pleasure out of it.'" Surely he can arive an automobile, and h e flm a pirtect right to spend his goad p~ofiey an automobile any time for he wishes. Bat the banker, when he happenki to get bar@ up, will never be quite so impressed by the sight of the farmer driving around in an automobile a s he would i n seeing fine cows adorning his farm and bringing in a steady additianal income e;sery month. Auto rides are m e , but they sometimers ride their owners to death over high precipiaesl, or to bankruptcy over roads that are tso easg. to travel and burn gasoline and neglect other important things. But there needn't necessarily be any quarrel with the plaaraure automobile-it is quite a wonderful e n j s m e n t , and everyone of us has a right t o find enjoyment as best he can. But the money you have-ahead now will certainly be more wisely invested if spent for good dairy cows, which are not liabilities, but actual assets. And in the course of time the money will be returned with such great intevest that you, will be justified in getting an automobile, even a better one than you first had in mind.

Although the livestock of the cammunity was of such good Quality that it was difficult to find a worthy "prisoner," the moclc trial of the scrub bull recently staged a t Waynesboro, Pa., drew a n audience of more than a thousand persons. The advertising club o the chamber of commerce, the F r h a l i n County Farm Bureau, and the county agent had charge of the arrangements. The trial was conducted according to an outline furnished by the United States Department of Agriculture. Local legal talent made the court proceedings realistic. The sheriff and his force of deputies "arrested" the bull and otherwise aided in conducting court order. For the convenience of busy farmers the trial was held a t 7 o'clock in the evening. The merchants of Waynesboro held a "dollar sale," which was widely advertised, with the scrub-bull trial as an auxiliary attra6tion. Twenty-five hundred card invitations were mailed and 500 colored posters adyertised the event. The trial took place on an electric-

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LLETIN
A DEAL I N F L Y SPRAY.

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T LIVED POSTS AltE MODE O CONCBrnE. W

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Tim Dolan's herd of Holsteins looked for a while as though they had the mange, or some sort of asease like that, this summer, along about fly time, and all his neighbors were wondering about it. F.or a while nobody had nerve enough to ask Tim about it, knowing how much pride Tim has in that herd of his, but finally one day old Sim Tompkins asked him, did his cows have the ring worm or the itch? Then Tfm came out with the whole story, becsause, although he hated to give himself away, he didn't want the community making covert remarks about his cows. ""Well," said Tim, "just a; the fltes started to get bad, toward the end of July, a fellow came down the road one day in a dusty flivver and he stopped in here and offered to sell me a sure kill-fly spray for my cattle. He was selling the stuff five cents a gallon cheaper than I could get it down a t the store and I reckoned it was a right good way to save a little money, so I bought a few gallons from him. We used the stuff that night and it certainly hit those flies between the eyes, for they just kneeled right over the second it hit them, and you could see dead flies all over the barn. "About three days later I noticed the cows were shedding, in spots, and one of the calves that we had sprayed was ambling around naked. I didn't know what to make of it for quite a spell, and then 1 remembered that fly spray. "The next thing I thought of was the guy that sold it to me, and I am still thinking about him. Should you happen to see him in these parts again, Sim, just tell me. I'm looking for him."
DAIRPIN~ AND SOIL
.;B YIE TIF IT

There are many sides to the dairy question. Usually we think of the side that relates to the dollars and cents .we expect to get out of the business now, forgetting that there is a far more important side. The dairyman who is keeping a large number of cows enjoys the satisfaction of knowing that he is not skinning his farm. Every year he is putting back a good deal of the fertility he takes out of his land in the form-of manure, grass and soiling crops. This is not the case with the man who raises grain exclusively. He keeps little if any stock and sells his farm bare year after year until it produces little or nothing. He is a miner, not a farmer.

Concrete posts, when properly made, stay where they are put, last longer than any others, are economical, and always look like new. What to do and what to avoid in making posts is explained by D. B. Lucas, assistant in rural engineering a t the New Jersey College of Agriculture a t New Brunswfck. "Many concrete posts have failed in the past because of the following: poor shape; small size; wrong mixture; insufficient reinforcement wrongly placed and usually too near the surface; poor curing; and unsatisfactory wire attachment. "The following suggestions are offered for making a good fence: Use a square post, with two corners rounded if desired, 3 by 3 inches a t the top, 5 by 5 inches a t the bottom, and 7 feet long. Round corners improve the appearance and save material, but complicate the mold by necessitating the use of sheet metal. "A 1 - 1 % - 3 ( 1 part cement, 1 % parts sand, 3 parts course material, by volume) mixture seems most satisfactory, and a 1-2-3 or a 1-2-2 is good. To avoid uncertain results it pays to use graded materials. Posts made the same are of nearly the same strength. Even a variation in the quality of the water will cause a variation in the strength of the post. "For reinforcing, usg four l/a -inch twisted bars a t the corners and place them a t least % inch below the surface. Do not bury them so as to lose their reinforcing effect. "Leave the posts in the form for a t least 24 hours. Sprinkle them daily for ten days. In one month they may be set. but it is safer to let them cure for three months. The best wire attachment in general use is a wire strand wrapped around three sides of the post with the two ends twisted on the fence
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"A high recommendation for concrete posts is that railroads are using them and are- expecting them to give centuries of service. They need no upkeep and are not hurt by grass and light brush fires."
STOP, LOOK, LISTEN!

"Milkin' cows is most bewitchin'," Said the bland old engineer; "But when'cherry gets to switchin', Better see the track is clear."

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Around the Neighborhood
bu a Neighbor

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When-I was a boy on the farm a t home I used to like to sleep late in the morning and in order to accomplish that I sometimes Pulled down the shade and covered up my head with the bedclothes. In the morning the sun would come up as usual and the birds would sing outside but I could neither see nor hear,-I didn't want to, I wanted to sleep. My parents were not so cranky about my rising or not rising as some parents are, but nevertheless my father began calling to me soon after he arose and kept i t up a t intervals until he lost his temper or until I lost my courage. The old bed was soft, warm, and very comfortable and I could not believe for the time that anything else oould be so attractive. The time always came a t last, how'ever, when I had to crawl out and then I usually did it with a bound. I would make one grand spring out of the bed, send the window shade a whooping to the top, dive into my clothes and beat i t downstairs and outside. After I'd been outside a minute or two no amount of money could have induced me to go back to bed. If I thought of that bed a t all I thought of it a s a hot, stuffy old place where anyone would be sure to be miserable. "Why didn't I get up earlier?" I always said to myself. Too many farmers a r e just like that. The old bed,-the easy, soft way in which they have been doing things, seems very comfortable. They pull down the shades and cover up their heads, so to speak. "I have gotten along nicely with three milking cows. and I

hate to milk any more, so people can say all they like about the profits and all that, but the old way suits me!" whereupon the spokesman pulls the clothes over his head and then he can't hear the birds. Neighbors who already have been cashing cream checks start calling the fellow to get up and soak up some of the sunshine of a new day of prosperity but the poor guy only covers up his head all the more. Pretty comfortable in bed, he thinks. The time comes in most cases where the fellow in bed says, "Oh shucks, they won't let me alone, so here goes!" H e jumps up lets the shade sail to the top of the window, dives into his duds and makes for the outdoors and the sunlight. Figuratively speaking, that is what he does, but in reality he quits the old way and pitches into the new way. He a t last listens to the neighbors who have tried and know. He lets t h e light of practical intelligence shine in and gives his ears a chance to hear some sweet songs of prosperity. And the joke of i t all is after he is once up and going he likes the sunshine, the songs, and the activity so well that the old way and even the memory of it loses all charm. Nothing on earth could induce him t o go back and cover up his head. "The old bed was a stuffy old place," he says figuratively, "and I can not see how I endured it a s long a s I did. I wish I hadn't pulled the blinds and that I had jumped out when I heard the first call. I t was-stupid of me to waste half the forenoon! "

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WHEN A W\T GWEB TEE A d 0 MILK.

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Many BeolpiEe a m under tbe imprea@ionthat a cow gives her greatest Pro- she can sat up clean. Then she should duction of milk a few days after she gat a b u t m~t-thirdas much grain a& drops her calf. In fact, most caws do s h e gWes potmds of milk. A cow giving; this. The cow in the hands of an ex- six quarts of milk twice a day is giving perienced feeder, ahowever, does not aBout 25 pounds of p i l k per day. She about 8 pounds of ground give her highest production m*P touror five weeks after & freshens. Re h ! e into two rations, one in watches her general condition and gives the morning and one at night. her all the feed she needs to make w e + $ The grain should be ground finely. supply of miilk she is producing. Then w h a t the feed grinder doee net do t h e he adds a little to the ration and notes a,Owmust do or the food is not results. Id she responds in the Propor- agestM, ~t is cheaper to furnhh the tion of three to one, that is, giving him .mechanical pomp for grindthree pounds of milk additional fop iw the food by using gasoline engine each pound Of ground feed be dv* @r a Mndmill than to let the cow furher, he Eets her have thie larger feed . deb the for two or three days and then increases wheB the oow begins to fall off her that as it more' He milk feed gradually long as she keeps on making good use her down the as to should be propwtion so keep the of the feed he gives her can con- cut about onethird as much grain as she tinue to have it. gives milk. He is very careful, however, to watch 'Ow use about her general health and appetite. He of A the food she can Possibly eat for a11 keeps her hungry for her meals and takes away her feed if she shows any keeping up her own weight. She will not to relish it. In addi- use this necessary amount whether she the feed she Ought to get Or tion to using the feed he gives her, she gets gets only partly enough. If we give the has nutriment on her she which she lard up during her rest COW three-fourths of a ration, keep uses of the amount her period, and makes good use of it for two-thirds given weight and to returns body a t a only the first few weeks after freshening. products for the other third. The At the end of four or weeks, he dairy Of the she eats and the gets her up to her highest production and from then on it is just a case of profit must edme out of this one-third. the feed If We give this same 'Ow holding her a s nearly as possible to that high production, without giving she needs, keeping in mind the above between meal and milk, she her too much ground feed. At all times ~ r o ~ o r t i o n s he lets her understand she must pro- uses one-half of the total ration for maintenance oneduce milk in proportion to the ground body for prodnet. and the otherfiguw I t is easy to ed that he is giving her, for as soon half economical she begins to fall in the supply he out whichisisa the more t~ underfeed ration' It lnistake a ,,cuts down on the ground feed that she cow and it isba mistake to averfeed her. I ~ He considers the cow as an in~ ~ ~ . ,'dividual because he knows some cows do not need quite as much ground feed THE PONY EXPRESS OF 1880-61 , a s others to produce given results. lasted 1 6 months. I t was a private en*long with the ground feed he gives Central Overland ;.!her all the roughage, like corn fodder, terprise known a s the Peak Express. Its California : hay and she eat up 'lean. terminals were St. Joseph, Mo., and Sap Francisco, Cal. Time enroute was ten .':THE ABIOUNT O F GRAIN TO FEED. days. Its principal business was to Horaes carry messages or letters. A good many feeders vary the amount traveled 1 2 miles and riders traveled 7 2 ','.of feed they give to their cows accord- miles. They were often killed or I,,;- ing to the price of the feed rather than wounded by the Indians or bandits. The T from what their cows are doing. When , Pony Express is a bit of romance of the ! :grain is high in price the claim is often old wild and wooly West that gave way made that it doesn't pay to feed the when the transcontinental telegraph -cows very much grain, As a matter of line wa# finished gnd a government subfact, i f we have a cow that is worth sidized stage was established to deliver feeding a t all, she should hove all the all classes of mail, in the fall of 1861.

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Letters from the Ladies are Solicited S e n d i n Your Favorite Recipe
By Florenw Riddick Boys. Plymouth, Indiana

USE MORE MILK.

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Tt has been well said that milk is not only man's best food b u t also his best medicine. When an adult is ill milk becomes very nearly a necessity. Many adults are ill only in a sense that they do not feel quite up to the mark physically. They would find a n immediate and marked improvement if they would add a quart of milk daily t o their diet. Those who are overnourished should substitute milk for some other food habitually taken. And d o you know that milk is the best nerve tonic one can take? I t is earnestly recommended by nerve specialists. Milk is a necessity for infants and practically for children all through the period of growth. Adults can get along without it, but the little country child needs it just the same as her little city sister. Milk is a wholesome food and o n e that may be served in many forms. Ice cream, custards, beryies, soups and cereals a r e all improved by rich, sweet cream or milk.
READJUSTMENTS.

was too gallant to do anything to annoy mother. If only he could make more money, and build a better house! He sighed and went away. But the idea took root. Mother was not a stubborn woman, only an overworked and nervous one. She drafted Bud into the service, and they two went about from room to room, giving everything a new investigation. To each piece of furniture they put the question, "Are you where you naturally belong?" If i t could not show up good and sufficient reason for its precise location, they shoved it somewhere else to try it out and see i f that would be betAt least i t would be a te;; Ouch," exclaimed father,change. stumbling against something, as he came into the dining room without a light. "H'm, it's the sideboard over in this southeast corner," and he smiled to himself, as he rubbed his shins. "One wouldn't think it would make so much difference, moving things around," exclaimed Sis delightedly. "The house seems so much roomier." "Sure!" answered Bud, holding his aching muscles, "I and mother studied it out."
WOMEN.

-"Shoot this old house!" grumbled Sis, who had been away from home long enough to know that there were better houses. "I'm always knocking my shins against that cdrner of the side-board. Couldn't we put it somewhere else?" "We could set it in the front hall o r in the garage," answered Bud, who delighted to say something sarcastic, when Sis found fault with the only home he had ever known. Mother tried to look patient. Father was a practical man, and was used to readjustments. Business farming makes one change arrangements now and then if he keeps step with the procession. *'Why couldn't we put i t over there?" he suggested, pointing to the southeast corner. "Because that's where the tea-wagon belongs," answered Mother, a trifle ruffled. That quelled father completely. He

Oh, the gladness of their gladness when they're glad, And the sadness of their sadness when they're sad; But the gladness of their gladness, and the sadness of their sadness, Are as nothing to their badness when they're bad. -Anonymous. Oh, the shrewdness of their shrewdness when they're shrewd, And the rudeness of their rudeness when they're rude; But the shrewdness of their shrewdness a n d the rudeness of their rudeness, Are as nothing to their goodness when they're good. -Anonymous. Answer to the preceding.

THE ABE1-u
XN OANBDA.

The Domini~n Oanada has no childw of labor laws, but W B province makes some provisions in regard to it, but these are not sutlicient. Some of the provinces permit boys of twelve to work . i n mines. Girls are not allowed to do any work in connection'with mfnes, except office work.
A GARDEN OR CLEANING HINT.

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When working in the garden or digging about the dirty corners of the house ia house-cleahing $ime, rub a little soap underneath the inger-nails to prevent dirt from getting under them. When you a r e throqgh the soap will wash right out and leave them clean. Dirt in that place would be hard to dislodge.
NEDESSITY OF A PUBE WA!I!ER SUPPLY.

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An adequate supply of pure water is one of the essentials of a good dairy farm. The water that the cows drink should not only be pure but i t should be palatable. The cows should like i t so that they will drink lots of it. The COW that is giving a heavy flow of milk needs lots of water. The more water she drinks the more feed she can handle and the more milk she can give, providing she i a good dairy cow. s Cows that must depend upon the slough for their water will not drink a s much and cannot do as well as they could if they had plenty of cool, pure well water. The cow appreciates a drink of good Pure water a s much as a person does. The shallow barnyard well is worse than the stlbogh. If the water isn't fit for house use if isn't fit for the cow's use.
SMILES.

She was not drowning; she had merely lost off her bathing-cap with her false curls in it. The rescue boatman came in Bnswer to her calls for help. "Oh, not me--my curls, save them," she pleaded Biteously. "Lady," replied the boatman modestly, "I am only a life waver, not a hair restorer. Every businem h m I uw m downs, b B and ean only be pragwly estim&ted by a careful average muwing e . p ~ r f o dof years.

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w e af ttlas oream begins with the care qf t&er mw. I h e must be healthy and well fed m d well cared for, o r &@ Will show the effects in her milk. 1f &Is L fed too much or not enough, her digestion gets out of order md the Milk will often be tainted. @ilk win ,betainted by certain feeds if not properly fed. Feeds that have a strong flavor should be fed just after milung, instead of before. Milk should be kept perfectly clean, and in order to do this the cow and her stable must be kept perfectly clew. The cow's udder should be wiped cEir carefully before milking to prevent any dirt falling into t h e milk. Immediately after milking, the milk should be separated by o centrifugal separator and the cream cooled a s ~ u i c k l y possible as and the skim milk fed to calves and pigs while it is warm. The c r a m should be kept in a cool, elean place, where it cannot absorb odors of any kind and it should be kept in a vessel that is scrupulously clean, one that haa been thoroughly washed and dried. In the care of the cream i t should &ways be remembered that it is human food, and that it is the most sensitive to surroundiags of all foods. The grade of butter made from the cream will depend largely on the care that is given it. The milk or cream ,should be removed from the stable as soon a s possible, as i t absorbs stable odors very quickly. The best place to cool cream is t o put it i n water. Don't fasten the lid on tight: leave i t so t h e animaI heat can escape by covering the can with a cloth and stirring f occllsrionally until t it is cool. Keep the can lid on tight after the cream is cooled. Wash the separator thoroughly after each using, and thoroughly air e w r y pwrt of it. The least little particle of milk left sticking to the separator pad8 is almost certain to taint the cream, The importance of taking good care milk and cream so a s to get it to the market in good shape grows more apparent each day. Never allow one milking to stand over until the next one before separating, because you have only a small amount and want t o save trouble. This will not only make poor cream, but reduces the feeding value
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Quality cm&m means more money for you.

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COWS aR B&P,

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BULLETIN

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Mr. Dairy Farmer, if you ha cide between sheep and dairy cows, what would be your verdict? In some localities, this is the question which is facing the farmer. At the Present time sheep are a good price and is Market autho*ties say that the outlook for both is t very good for some time to come. I t is an old argument in favor of the dairy cow that dairying preserves and improves the fertility of the soil. But the man who advocates sheep-raising in preference to dairying, makes this same argument for s h e e ~ . Given climate and other conditions which are equally favorable to either sheep or dairy cows, one farmer has voted whole heartedly for the cows. The reason f@rhis choice is simply that dairy cows make possible the profltable production of hogs and poultry. Thus he is producing several commodities and his eggs are not all in one basket. The farmer who could profitably handle a herd of dairy cows aad yet devotes his entire effort to sheep is largely a t the mercy of the wool market.
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has neither hogs no? poultry to help e him over the hard places. The choice of this particular farmer and his it appea* be a Logical one and worthy of taking into consideration. that farmers horseshoes is one sport of whatever age can take part in,- declares an ~ ~ lmain who ~ ~ is interested in community activities. While this diversion requires a degree of skill if the pitcher wants to make every other shoe a "ringer," it does not require any great exertion. This is one reason why i t appeals to the farmer and is why the man referred to has succeeded in organizing horseshoe pitching clubs in some of the rural communities. "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy," is just as true of the farmer as i t is of any other worker. Like all games of its kind it depends largely upon competition to make i t Interesting. Where a club can be organized and two or four-men teams pitch against each other, the sport is fascinating and exciting.
RURAL HORSE SHOE PITCHING.

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One farmer we know failed because he had never learned to encourage himself. If you wait for praise from other folks you may be disappointed. Farmer Welloff says it's a lot easier to take interest in his work now that he doesn't have to hand over a lot of interest to somebody else.
WEAN TED3 UALVES EARLY.

The longer a calf is allowed to nurse the cow the harder it will be to teach i t to drink from a pail, says t h e United States Department of Agriculture, how ever, the first milk, or colostrum, has properties that normal milk does not have and which are necessary to give the calf the best start. For this reason the youngster should always receive the Arst milk. If it is left with the mother for 48 hours i t will get enough of the stimulating drst milk and may still take to drinking from a pail without much trouble. A weak calf may be left with the cow a little longer, but more patience will be required to teach i t to drink. The fat on your cow's back before calving indicates how much vitality she has, and what sort of work she's going t o do for you when she freshens. If &he frr flat and skinny alone the spine, better feeding .needed.

Vacation Daga Are Over.

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Unless your Barn is equipped with a T t seems, almdt $ualLsh f t r n g s to a as g e t carrier system, disposal of the manure any Eceockmrtn that he shauld not farm is often one af tMe rnmt laborious tasks. get to m r his 8Xmk. P e t defioiency t @ Anything which will lessen this work af water ir of the p o s t c m m o n more a g r e e muse9 for i s bound to make the I& mak Pow able. Try t o aG&:L&Uag me A *day requires immore than @&CBR Bf m havenet a ram118 u ,@f w a r . Two-thirds carrier, one way is to erect an elevated *ale her body condsts of water; eightyplankway with a plank incline leading @even a e i ~ @ the milk she produces t up to it. The inalfne 8boulb be ma&, fs water. Water Is necessary for the at an easy angle so that you can push mfla$lon of the large amounts of the wheelbarrow loads np on it withtein she needs for the planufacture a n t difficulty. By becking in your of milk and to carry off the waste prodmanure spreader or wagon under the ucts produced in the utilization of such runway, you e dump the manure di- large amounts of food. m rectly into it and haul it to the field. The amount a cow %ill drink depends This way you only have to fork the on the 'amount of food consumed and manure once, and that is when you load . external weathm a r o n d i t i ~ ~ As a rule s t h e wheelbarrow. The plankway need the proportion of dry matter to water only be high enough to clear the load. consumed runs in the proportion of about one to four, namely four pounds of water to eaah gouhd of dry matter. RULES FOR WIILLINC) 15191r0. Often large cows on heavy milk production drink 100 peunds of water per day. Pack the silage in even layers of As the pastures dry up they will'need about four inchecl thicktmesrs. Bunches more water than when feed is succulent. o r knots hinder regular settling, form Water is the cheap& fo-od you can air cavities, and spoil silage. put into a cow. A cool, fresh supply Tramp esgseklly well near the wall, will go a long ways these hot days In keeping one foot next to the wall all milk flow the time and moving Soward with short keeping up the be pushingwhen everything it down.steps. Simply walking around next to Dairy seems to Farmer. t h e wall is not tramping next to the -wall. WHY THE EDITOR LEFT TOWN. Heap up the silage in the center a t quitting time each night. This will . facilitate the settling over night and p&",,"aB~nb~i",a"p~P,"$ items apwill press the lower Silage more firmly "wrs. Thomas W. Johnson read an artiagainst the sldps, Level the silage be- cle for the ,warnen's club entitled 'Pzrsonal Devils. Seventeen were pres'ent. fore starting the work next morning. "%r. carload of Fill regularly, an i n t e r ~ a lof four or ' hogs John aGrouse yshipped a last week. ~ ~ n s a i t one day as five days between fillings is liable to Three of his nehghbors went in with him to make up tha toad.'-Ex, cause spoiling of top silage. After the silo is fllled, tramp around HE WAS A *"PHbRHBIR.W the wall and for two feet out from it meh day for sfx or seven days. The 'T ant so,me irrtelligent men as 110sheating prowss is liable to cause the ital orderfies," ctnaounced Lieutenant tog 8 0 inehm t o work up loose per- gOrleY. "Any P ~ ~ ~ I U B U I S ~ Bcornin the pany?'" snit aeration. A flaxen-haired individual shuffled forIf the silage is not to be fed fmmediately it is well to run a few loads of coarse fotlder, straw or spoiled hay, tbt'ough .the cutter a t the last. Wet t h h well and tamp thoroughly a d it will save many loads of' good feed for PrnVXDIN'. you, as six or eight inches on the top always heat and decompose and must husband much Of a be thrown away when left mpomd to the air. "He jm' ain't satihln' else ma'am. He

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gwine 40 git %ome new f&niture provldiq' h s gets de rmo~eey he gwine to git When selecting paint far the farm Be moneygravidi in` he 'ohtosuits him. go %3tovfBin' work: he t work a de I builafn@? remember that thare ' mwr " ' ~ n ra claco Ch~onlcle, all mnb @ praqid/n'.man + aome ether aolors than rM. d&yar.

I t Can't be Done
T h e farmer who tried to save bran by feeding his cow sawdust might have got her accustomed to the change had she lived. But she died. Cows on some farms are subjected to almost as radical changes. They get plenty of feed when it's handy. They get little when the pastures are short. Farmers who make the most money with cows aim to keep'up the milk flow. They "stallfeed" just as soon as necessary to keep the milk coming. More milk means more cream, and more cream means more money. T h a t is why we urge our patrons to keep up the milk flow. Keep the cows milking now and they will return bigger pro ts next winter, too. W e will do part at this end of the line to make your cows pay you big money. Keep your cream coming to the old reliable ABERDEEN C R

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Price of Butterfat for week beginning

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and Express on Cream.